Realiti terkini kerja di Malaysia
AZRIZAINALABIDIN
Artikal 307 - Panjang 21603
Bukan selalu kita dapat mengetahui survey yang dijalankan berkenaan kerja. Oleh sebab itu AZA sertakan beberapa artikal berikut dari berita online sebagai panduan.
Sumber : https://malaysia.yahoo.com/news/kri-low-wages-few-opportunities-091503099.html
Reforms of current economic policies are needed to address the issues of low wages and lack of opportunities for young workers and fresh graduates, Khazanah Research Institute said today.
The research house said the findings of its school to work survey (SWTS) gave an overall picture of a labour market deeply saddled with structural weaknesses.
“The government must rethink its cheap labour policy,” Lim Lin Lean, the lead author of the SWTS and a senior fellow at KRI.
The data collected from the SWTS, conducted late 2017 to early this year, provided crucial insights into the state of the labour market today, which is dogged by high youth underemployment and stagnating wages.
Lim said the data, compiled and summarised in more than 300 pages worth of report, may explain why Malaysia remains trapped in a medium-technology and labour-intensive economy.
Among key findings of the SWTS was the significant number of those reporting to receive low pay and working in low-skilled jobs despite having college or even advanced degrees.
Up 85 per cent of young workers with degrees or tertiary qualification polled said they work in low-skilled jobs, while another 50 per cent in occupations with slightly higher skills prerequisite.
“They are forced to dumb down,” Lim said when presenting the survey at Menara UEM at KL Sentral here.
The SWTS polled up to 27,000 job seekers, students, young workers and employers.
Lim said the survey should give policymakers the foundation to formulate the right policies, which until now remain mostly conservative and unable to push Malaysia out of a semi-skilled middle income economy.
Khazanah Nasional executive director and investments head Datuk Hisham Hamdan, who was also present at the report launch, said the country needs bold policies to turn into a blue chip economy.
“We need to ask ourselves why not become like North Asia,” he said.
“Instead of competing against commodity-based economies why not compete against Singapore or Korea for example.”
Sumber : https://malaysia.yahoo.com/news/kri-survey-more-youths-forced-080006767.html
More youths today are taking up “non-standard” jobs that offer less security and legal protection, a survey by Khazanah Research Institute found.
The School To Work Transition Survey (SWTS), released today, found up to 32 per cent of youths aged 20 to 24 work in the informal sector while 20 per cent of those aged 25 to 29 are already employed informally.
These are typically internet-based jobs or the “gig economy” which pays worker on a job-by-job basis without the protection benefits enjoyed by standard employment.
Among those aged 15 to 19, close to half of those polled are already employed informally.
“Despite more employment opportunities in the ‘gig economy’, they are often poor-quality jobs where the work is unstable and insecure and with limited labour and social protection,” the report said in its summary of the findings.
Policymakers should find the data alarming given the size of the “gig economy” today. In Malaysia alone internet-based commerce is projected to be worth RM2 billion by 2020.
And the size is expected to grow exponentially, with some economists already predicting temporary or short-term contract-based work to dominate the employment market in the not-so-distant future.
The government itself has given the sector huge support, promoting the “gig economy” as a key solution to youth unemployment and giving out incentives like tax breaks or subsidies to successful start-ups.
Malaysian-founded Grab, a ride-hailing business, is among the largest beneficiaries of this policy.
Yet global economists have cautioned against embracing a highly precarious economy, warning against the potential socio-economic damage that may stem from having an entire generation of workers without stable jobs.
A survey released today found up to 32 per cent of youths aged 20 to 24 work in the informal sector while 20 per cent of those aged 25 to 29 are already employed informally — typically internet-based jobs or the 'gig economy'.
The KRI survey noted that awareness about rights and social protection among young workers is already very low among young workers with stable employment.
Of the thousands of young workers polled, up to 85 per cent said they do not belong to any workers’ association or union.
This dovetails with findings that graduates in Malaysia today are among those with the lowest wage reservation in the world.
Reservation wage is the lowest threshold which a job seeker is willing to be paid for a job. The KRI SWTS found that the median average reservation wage was as little as RM1,550.
Malaysian graduates are also among the lowest paid in terms of starting salaries, a finding that further strengthens the fact that most job seekers are unaware about the benefits of unionising.
Economists have cited the waning collective bargaining power among Malaysian workers as a key reason for their inability to secure higher salaries.
Sumber : https://malaysia.yahoo.com/news/fresh-grads-expect-unrealistic-salaries-080052107.html
Claims by employers that fresh graduates often ask for ridiculous starting salaries have turned out to be unfounded, Khazanah Research Institute’s (KRI) latest survey on the employment market for youths shows.
The school-to-work transition survey (SWTS), which was released today, gathered crucial insights about salary expectations that found fresh graduates have a very low reservation wage — that is the lowest pay rate which they would be willing to accept for a particular type of job — starting from as little as RM1,550 a month.
The highest expectation is more pronounced among first-time job seekers, the report added, but decreased as they got more experience of the labour market.
But the low wage reservation, born out of disillusionment, has driven today’s fresh graduates to move between jobs quicker than in previous generations, which employers have conveniently exploited to brand millennials as “too demanding.”
“What is interesting is the low reservation wage of those who are currently employed,” the study, conducted in late 2017 to early this year, said.
“The main reasons for this group to seek another job are to have better prospects or higher pay, yet the minimum salary they would accept for a job is on average RM1,550 per month and the modal salary is only RM1,000 a month.”
A survey by hiring agency Jobstreet in 2017 indicated that more than two-thirds of employers complained that fresh graduates are “asking too much” with starting salaries, typically between RM2,400 and RM3,000.
Only 2 per cent of managers said they are willing to pay fresh graduates the expected salary, the same survey found.
Yet data compiled by KRI showed the median salary expectation by Bachelor degree holders to be much lower than what is popularly believed, at RM1,900 while those with higher qualifications were asking as little as a hundred ringgit more.
The median salary expectation from postgraduates, on the other hand, averaged at RM2,200.
Fair demand
The SWTS found that the average salaries that young workers would be prepared to accept for a particular type of job is a monthly average of RM1,555 while the modal income, indicated by the most number of respondents, is just RM1,000.
And they are not lofty expectations, KRI argued in its summary of the findings, considering the average reservation wage is not far off the present national minimum wage, at RM1,100, and that over half of young workers today have tertiary qualifications.
The minimum wage is targeted at the poor and those without qualifications, it added, and not meant to be used as the baseline to structure starting salaries for job seekers with qualifications.
KRI also defended fresh graduates as having every right to ask for what the institute described as a living wage that would allow them to sustain a decent standard of living.
“It does not seem unrealistic for young people to want a living, fair or decent wage that will allow them to sustain a socially acceptable minimum standard of living, beyond the basic necessities like food, clothing and shelter,” the report said.
“A minimum wage is not necessarily a living wage.”
Bank Negara Malaysia stated in a cost of living report released earlier this year that RM2,700 is the minimum needed to “survive” in the country’s major cities. The Malaysian Trade Union Congress, on the other hand, argued that a starting salary of RM3,000 is reasonable by today’s standards.
The SWTS report noted that the Graduate Tracer Study showed most local working fresh graduates with first degrees earn below RM3,000 and those with diplomas less than RM2,000.
The same survey also found that more than half of unemployed degree holders expect salaries of less than RM2,500 and close to two-thirds of unemployed diploma holders expect to earn less than RM2,000.
At the same time, the 2017 Cost of Talent report issued by Universum Global, an employer “branding” firm, showed “Malaysian graduates have one of the lowest expectations in the world for starting salaries.”
Structural weakness
The findings underscore the deeper structural problem beleaguering the job market today, KRI said, where supply of graduates far exceeds demand, industries continue to prefer cheap labour and mismatch in skills and requirements is widespread thanks to a backward education policy that puts too much focus on paper qualifications.
As a result, the study found a staggering 85 per cent of workers with tertiary qualifications taking up low-skilled or manual jobs.
The SWTS was intended to collect education and labour market information on youth, defined as ages between 15 to 29.
The survey was based on five structured, mainly pre-coded questionnaires targeting youth in upper secondary schools, in tertiary education, young job seekers, young workers and employers.
Sumber : https://malaysia.yahoo.com/news/95pc-young-grads-unskilled-jobs-080005418.html
Up to 95 per cent of today’s young graduates are overqualified for their current jobs while 50 per cent work in low-skilled non-manual occupations, Khazanah Research Institute’s latest school to work transition survey (SWTS) found.
The report, released this evening, said many young qualified workers are forced to “dumb down” and accept inferior forms of employment relative to their levels of education or skills.
This has serious ramifications for the economy, KRI said in its analysis of the data. Talents go to waste while the low pay hinders potential productivity and spending.
“Over-educated young people are likely to earn less than they otherwise could have and are not making the most of their productive potential,” the SWTS report stated in its summary of findings.
“Not only do the skills mismatch signify wastage of human resources but they also put into question the view often expressed in the media that youth are ‘choosy’ about jobs — they should not be considered ‘choosy’ if they are doing jobs below what they are educated or trained for.”
Many of the overqualified workers are in what KRI categorised as “elementary occupations” followed by clerical support jobs and craft and related trade work, registering at 95, 64 and 59 per cent respectively.
KRI said the findings underscore the deeper structural problem that beleaguers the job market today, where supply of graduates far exceeds demand, industries continue to prefer cheap labour and mismatch in skills and requirements is widespread thanks to a backward education policy that puts too much focus on paper qualifications.
Mismatch in jobs and qualification is among key outstanding problems that the SWTS data gathered from the interview with thousands of stakeholders, over half of them young workers with tertiary qualifications.
Despite young workers considering their levels of education and fields of study very useful to their current jobs, data showed a clear disconnect between qualification and employment.
For example, a fourth of those with qualifications in science, mathematics and computing prefer jobs in information technology, but only 17 per cent are actually in those jobs.
There is also an inverse effect in that those who pursue a certain skills eventually end up wasting their qualification to work in non-related industries.
For example, only 13 per cent of those with engineering, manufacturing and construction qualifications polled in the survey admitted that they want construction jobs and up to 80 per cent have gone on to find other non-related work in different industries.
‘Cable’ or ‘network’ still useful
The mismatch also extends to recruitment methods, the SWTS found.
While young job seekers go through more modern platforms for recruitment like hiring agencies or online adverts, employers surprisingly continue to depend on primitive methods, including preference for personal networks or family and friends — the who-knows-who.
This, KRI said, opens up opportunities only to well-connected applicants, usually from privileged backgrounds, and penalise poorer but qualified job seekers whose social networks tend to be small or limited to the same class.
“Informal recruitment channels may have cost-saving advantages but tend to penalise job seekers from disadvantageous backgrounds who have limited social networks and also to restrict the selection pool of employers,” the report said.
Informal networks like relatives and friends of employees or employers were listed as the second and third most preferred choices for recruitment by employers, the first being online advertisements.
Young workers also listed family and friends as the second most preferred choice in seeking employment while job hunters rely on public employment service, job fairs and interviews primarily.
The SWTS, conducted at the end of 2017 and beginning of 2018, was intended to collect education and labour market information on youth, defined as ages between 15 to 29.
The survey was based on five structured, mainly pre-coded questionnaires targeting youth in upper secondary schools, in tertiary education, young job seekers, young workers and employers.
Sumber : https://malaysia.yahoo.com/news/survey-multinationals-offer-lowest-starting-080008126.html
Malaysia-based multinational companies offer the lowest starting salaries, a far cry from that offered by the civil service, a survey conducted by Khazanah Research Institute (KRI) found.
Salary data compiled for the School To Work Transition Survey (SWTS) showed that the maximum median income offered by multinationals to a postgraduate is RM1,250, a meagre sum when put next to popular views about the kind of pay expected from foreign companies.
The quantum is similar to that offered to undergraduates or those with technical-vocational (TVET) training, a qualification considered to be inferior to university degrees, KRI said.
That is over RM4,000 less than the starting pay offered by the civil service or government agencies and RM600 less by public-listed companies.
The SWTS also found that even the starting salary offered by small family-run enterprises was higher, at RM450 more.
This may partially explain why civil service jobs are the main choice for employment for most young job seekers, KRI said in its report that aims to give policymakers, employers and job seekers a better picture of the labour market.
“Public sector agencies offer the highest salaries for each educational level — this would partly explain why it is the preferred employment sector for young people,” the report said.
The finding, which KRI described as “unexpected”, underscores the deeper structural problem beleaguering the job market today.
Supply of graduates now far exceeds demand and employers continue their preference for cheap labour as skills and requirements are mostly mismatched thanks to an education policy that over-emphasises paper qualifications.
This problem is best captured in the large salary gap offered to fresh job seekers with different sets of skills within the civil service itself, namely in the low pay offered to applicants with TVET qualifications, skills heavily promoted as useful even by the government.
The SWTS showed that TVET graduates are paid RM3,000 less than those with a degree and just RM500 more than for school leavers, who tend to take up most of the low-skilled manual jobs.
Despite publicity promoting vocational training as a gateway to good jobs, TVET qualification is still seen as inferior and better-suited for low-paying jobs.
KRI noted parents or students continue to shun vocational training, only to learn later that most employers value TVET skills today. Only 13 per cent of all upper secondary students are pursuing technical or vocational courses at the secondary level, and just 9 per cent at polytechnics.
“It has often been noted that students and their parents regard TVET as an inferior educational pathway, ‘dead end’ and for the academically challenged,” the report said.
“But, in fact, the SWTS found that both young job seekers and young workers consider TVET as the most useful qualification for getting a good job the salary differential could be an important reason.”
Demand for TVET graduates is proportionally high in the private sector among sole proprietors, private limited companies and particularly private contractors, the SWTS showed.
Even for low-skilled or manual jobs, public listed companies and the civil service indicated a preference for TVET graduates.
Yet only government agencies have offered TVET graduates the highest starting pay, at a median maximum of RM4,052 followed by private contractors at RM1,700.
The difference in salaries offered in other enterprises categorised in the report — private limited companies, family business, sole proprietorship, public listed and multinational companies — are more or less around the RM200 median average.
All this points to a disconnect and skewed labour market that is overcrowded with job seekers who mostly have skills that are low in demand, resulting in high graduate unemployment, KRI said.
“The shortage is not in terms of numbers but mismatch is evident employers rate soft skills and work experience above the academic and professional qualifications that are emphasised by Malaysian education and training institutions,” the report noted.
The SWTS, conducted at the end of 2017 and beginning of 2018, was intended to collect education and labour market information on youth, defined as ages between 15 to 29.
The survey was based on five structured, mainly pre-coded questionnaires targeting youth in upper secondary schools, in tertiary education, young job seekers, young workers and employers.
Approach any of the 54 offices of the Social Security Organisation (Socso) nationwide or Socso's website at www.perkeso.gov.my/sip.
Applications must be filed within 60 days from the day a worker loses his job.
Workers who are retrenched in 2018 will be eligible to receive interim benefits in the form of cash allowances for a maximum of three months, funded by the government with a RM122mil allocation channeled through Socso.
For those retrenched in December onwards and have the minimum 11 months of EIS contributions, they are qualified for the full benefits, such as job-hunting, re-employment and reduced wage allowances.
EIS is a financial scheme aimed at helping those who have lost their jobs until they find new employment. The contributions are collected in a fund in order to provide financial assistance to retrenched employees.
Qualification for EIS include forced resignation, retrenchment, resignation due to an employer’s failure to comply with the terms of contract, resignation due to sexual harassment at the workplace, and the closure of a company or factory.
Section 55B (3) of the Immigration Act 1959/63
Strictly executed corporal punishment on employers who hired illegal immigrants.
The Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966
Can't hire a person under the age of 16 years.
Section 93 of the Employees Social Security Act 1969 (Act 4)
Employer must register their companies and workers with Socso. The overall objective of Socso is to cover all the people in this country. Grass cutters, part-time workers too must be protected, not only full-time (workers).
The Employment (Limitation of Overtime Work) Regulations 1980
Workers should be given a rest day each week and are entitled no more than 104 hours of overtime per month.
Setelah AZA membaca kesemua petikan berita di atas, ternyata terdapat pelbagai pihak yang terlibat untuk memperhalusi perkara berkaitan "kerja" dari pelbagai aspek. Artikal ini sudah cukup panjang apatah lagi "report" nya yang setebal 300 muka surat. Manfaatkanlah info ini. Terima kasih.
SETERUSNYA
Pasangan gay kena belasah
Artikal 307 - Panjang 21603
Bukan selalu kita dapat mengetahui survey yang dijalankan berkenaan kerja. Oleh sebab itu AZA sertakan beberapa artikal berikut dari berita online sebagai panduan.
NEWS 1
Reforms of current economic policies are needed to address the issues of low wages and lack of opportunities for young workers and fresh graduates, Khazanah Research Institute said today.
The research house said the findings of its school to work survey (SWTS) gave an overall picture of a labour market deeply saddled with structural weaknesses.
“The government must rethink its cheap labour policy,” Lim Lin Lean, the lead author of the SWTS and a senior fellow at KRI.
The data collected from the SWTS, conducted late 2017 to early this year, provided crucial insights into the state of the labour market today, which is dogged by high youth underemployment and stagnating wages.
Lim said the data, compiled and summarised in more than 300 pages worth of report, may explain why Malaysia remains trapped in a medium-technology and labour-intensive economy.
Among key findings of the SWTS was the significant number of those reporting to receive low pay and working in low-skilled jobs despite having college or even advanced degrees.
Up 85 per cent of young workers with degrees or tertiary qualification polled said they work in low-skilled jobs, while another 50 per cent in occupations with slightly higher skills prerequisite.
“They are forced to dumb down,” Lim said when presenting the survey at Menara UEM at KL Sentral here.
The SWTS polled up to 27,000 job seekers, students, young workers and employers.
Lim said the survey should give policymakers the foundation to formulate the right policies, which until now remain mostly conservative and unable to push Malaysia out of a semi-skilled middle income economy.
Khazanah Nasional executive director and investments head Datuk Hisham Hamdan, who was also present at the report launch, said the country needs bold policies to turn into a blue chip economy.
“We need to ask ourselves why not become like North Asia,” he said.
“Instead of competing against commodity-based economies why not compete against Singapore or Korea for example.”
NEWS 2
More youths today are taking up “non-standard” jobs that offer less security and legal protection, a survey by Khazanah Research Institute found.
The School To Work Transition Survey (SWTS), released today, found up to 32 per cent of youths aged 20 to 24 work in the informal sector while 20 per cent of those aged 25 to 29 are already employed informally.
These are typically internet-based jobs or the “gig economy” which pays worker on a job-by-job basis without the protection benefits enjoyed by standard employment.
Among those aged 15 to 19, close to half of those polled are already employed informally.
“Despite more employment opportunities in the ‘gig economy’, they are often poor-quality jobs where the work is unstable and insecure and with limited labour and social protection,” the report said in its summary of the findings.
Policymakers should find the data alarming given the size of the “gig economy” today. In Malaysia alone internet-based commerce is projected to be worth RM2 billion by 2020.
And the size is expected to grow exponentially, with some economists already predicting temporary or short-term contract-based work to dominate the employment market in the not-so-distant future.
The government itself has given the sector huge support, promoting the “gig economy” as a key solution to youth unemployment and giving out incentives like tax breaks or subsidies to successful start-ups.
Malaysian-founded Grab, a ride-hailing business, is among the largest beneficiaries of this policy.
Yet global economists have cautioned against embracing a highly precarious economy, warning against the potential socio-economic damage that may stem from having an entire generation of workers without stable jobs.
A survey released today found up to 32 per cent of youths aged 20 to 24 work in the informal sector while 20 per cent of those aged 25 to 29 are already employed informally — typically internet-based jobs or the 'gig economy'.
The KRI survey noted that awareness about rights and social protection among young workers is already very low among young workers with stable employment.
Of the thousands of young workers polled, up to 85 per cent said they do not belong to any workers’ association or union.
This dovetails with findings that graduates in Malaysia today are among those with the lowest wage reservation in the world.
Reservation wage is the lowest threshold which a job seeker is willing to be paid for a job. The KRI SWTS found that the median average reservation wage was as little as RM1,550.
Malaysian graduates are also among the lowest paid in terms of starting salaries, a finding that further strengthens the fact that most job seekers are unaware about the benefits of unionising.
Economists have cited the waning collective bargaining power among Malaysian workers as a key reason for their inability to secure higher salaries.
NEWS 3
Claims by employers that fresh graduates often ask for ridiculous starting salaries have turned out to be unfounded, Khazanah Research Institute’s (KRI) latest survey on the employment market for youths shows.
The school-to-work transition survey (SWTS), which was released today, gathered crucial insights about salary expectations that found fresh graduates have a very low reservation wage — that is the lowest pay rate which they would be willing to accept for a particular type of job — starting from as little as RM1,550 a month.
The highest expectation is more pronounced among first-time job seekers, the report added, but decreased as they got more experience of the labour market.
But the low wage reservation, born out of disillusionment, has driven today’s fresh graduates to move between jobs quicker than in previous generations, which employers have conveniently exploited to brand millennials as “too demanding.”
“What is interesting is the low reservation wage of those who are currently employed,” the study, conducted in late 2017 to early this year, said.
“The main reasons for this group to seek another job are to have better prospects or higher pay, yet the minimum salary they would accept for a job is on average RM1,550 per month and the modal salary is only RM1,000 a month.”
A survey by hiring agency Jobstreet in 2017 indicated that more than two-thirds of employers complained that fresh graduates are “asking too much” with starting salaries, typically between RM2,400 and RM3,000.
Only 2 per cent of managers said they are willing to pay fresh graduates the expected salary, the same survey found.
Yet data compiled by KRI showed the median salary expectation by Bachelor degree holders to be much lower than what is popularly believed, at RM1,900 while those with higher qualifications were asking as little as a hundred ringgit more.
The median salary expectation from postgraduates, on the other hand, averaged at RM2,200.
Fair demand
The SWTS found that the average salaries that young workers would be prepared to accept for a particular type of job is a monthly average of RM1,555 while the modal income, indicated by the most number of respondents, is just RM1,000.
And they are not lofty expectations, KRI argued in its summary of the findings, considering the average reservation wage is not far off the present national minimum wage, at RM1,100, and that over half of young workers today have tertiary qualifications.
The minimum wage is targeted at the poor and those without qualifications, it added, and not meant to be used as the baseline to structure starting salaries for job seekers with qualifications.
KRI also defended fresh graduates as having every right to ask for what the institute described as a living wage that would allow them to sustain a decent standard of living.
“It does not seem unrealistic for young people to want a living, fair or decent wage that will allow them to sustain a socially acceptable minimum standard of living, beyond the basic necessities like food, clothing and shelter,” the report said.
“A minimum wage is not necessarily a living wage.”
Bank Negara Malaysia stated in a cost of living report released earlier this year that RM2,700 is the minimum needed to “survive” in the country’s major cities. The Malaysian Trade Union Congress, on the other hand, argued that a starting salary of RM3,000 is reasonable by today’s standards.
The SWTS report noted that the Graduate Tracer Study showed most local working fresh graduates with first degrees earn below RM3,000 and those with diplomas less than RM2,000.
The same survey also found that more than half of unemployed degree holders expect salaries of less than RM2,500 and close to two-thirds of unemployed diploma holders expect to earn less than RM2,000.
At the same time, the 2017 Cost of Talent report issued by Universum Global, an employer “branding” firm, showed “Malaysian graduates have one of the lowest expectations in the world for starting salaries.”
Structural weakness
The findings underscore the deeper structural problem beleaguering the job market today, KRI said, where supply of graduates far exceeds demand, industries continue to prefer cheap labour and mismatch in skills and requirements is widespread thanks to a backward education policy that puts too much focus on paper qualifications.
As a result, the study found a staggering 85 per cent of workers with tertiary qualifications taking up low-skilled or manual jobs.
The SWTS was intended to collect education and labour market information on youth, defined as ages between 15 to 29.
The survey was based on five structured, mainly pre-coded questionnaires targeting youth in upper secondary schools, in tertiary education, young job seekers, young workers and employers.
NEWS 4
Up to 95 per cent of today’s young graduates are overqualified for their current jobs while 50 per cent work in low-skilled non-manual occupations, Khazanah Research Institute’s latest school to work transition survey (SWTS) found.
The report, released this evening, said many young qualified workers are forced to “dumb down” and accept inferior forms of employment relative to their levels of education or skills.
This has serious ramifications for the economy, KRI said in its analysis of the data. Talents go to waste while the low pay hinders potential productivity and spending.
“Over-educated young people are likely to earn less than they otherwise could have and are not making the most of their productive potential,” the SWTS report stated in its summary of findings.
“Not only do the skills mismatch signify wastage of human resources but they also put into question the view often expressed in the media that youth are ‘choosy’ about jobs — they should not be considered ‘choosy’ if they are doing jobs below what they are educated or trained for.”
Many of the overqualified workers are in what KRI categorised as “elementary occupations” followed by clerical support jobs and craft and related trade work, registering at 95, 64 and 59 per cent respectively.
KRI said the findings underscore the deeper structural problem that beleaguers the job market today, where supply of graduates far exceeds demand, industries continue to prefer cheap labour and mismatch in skills and requirements is widespread thanks to a backward education policy that puts too much focus on paper qualifications.
Mismatch in jobs and qualification is among key outstanding problems that the SWTS data gathered from the interview with thousands of stakeholders, over half of them young workers with tertiary qualifications.
Despite young workers considering their levels of education and fields of study very useful to their current jobs, data showed a clear disconnect between qualification and employment.
For example, a fourth of those with qualifications in science, mathematics and computing prefer jobs in information technology, but only 17 per cent are actually in those jobs.
There is also an inverse effect in that those who pursue a certain skills eventually end up wasting their qualification to work in non-related industries.
For example, only 13 per cent of those with engineering, manufacturing and construction qualifications polled in the survey admitted that they want construction jobs and up to 80 per cent have gone on to find other non-related work in different industries.
‘Cable’ or ‘network’ still useful
The mismatch also extends to recruitment methods, the SWTS found.
While young job seekers go through more modern platforms for recruitment like hiring agencies or online adverts, employers surprisingly continue to depend on primitive methods, including preference for personal networks or family and friends — the who-knows-who.
This, KRI said, opens up opportunities only to well-connected applicants, usually from privileged backgrounds, and penalise poorer but qualified job seekers whose social networks tend to be small or limited to the same class.
“Informal recruitment channels may have cost-saving advantages but tend to penalise job seekers from disadvantageous backgrounds who have limited social networks and also to restrict the selection pool of employers,” the report said.
Informal networks like relatives and friends of employees or employers were listed as the second and third most preferred choices for recruitment by employers, the first being online advertisements.
Young workers also listed family and friends as the second most preferred choice in seeking employment while job hunters rely on public employment service, job fairs and interviews primarily.
The SWTS, conducted at the end of 2017 and beginning of 2018, was intended to collect education and labour market information on youth, defined as ages between 15 to 29.
The survey was based on five structured, mainly pre-coded questionnaires targeting youth in upper secondary schools, in tertiary education, young job seekers, young workers and employers.
NEWS 5
Malaysia-based multinational companies offer the lowest starting salaries, a far cry from that offered by the civil service, a survey conducted by Khazanah Research Institute (KRI) found.
Salary data compiled for the School To Work Transition Survey (SWTS) showed that the maximum median income offered by multinationals to a postgraduate is RM1,250, a meagre sum when put next to popular views about the kind of pay expected from foreign companies.
The quantum is similar to that offered to undergraduates or those with technical-vocational (TVET) training, a qualification considered to be inferior to university degrees, KRI said.
That is over RM4,000 less than the starting pay offered by the civil service or government agencies and RM600 less by public-listed companies.
The SWTS also found that even the starting salary offered by small family-run enterprises was higher, at RM450 more.
This may partially explain why civil service jobs are the main choice for employment for most young job seekers, KRI said in its report that aims to give policymakers, employers and job seekers a better picture of the labour market.
“Public sector agencies offer the highest salaries for each educational level — this would partly explain why it is the preferred employment sector for young people,” the report said.
The finding, which KRI described as “unexpected”, underscores the deeper structural problem beleaguering the job market today.
Supply of graduates now far exceeds demand and employers continue their preference for cheap labour as skills and requirements are mostly mismatched thanks to an education policy that over-emphasises paper qualifications.
This problem is best captured in the large salary gap offered to fresh job seekers with different sets of skills within the civil service itself, namely in the low pay offered to applicants with TVET qualifications, skills heavily promoted as useful even by the government.
The SWTS showed that TVET graduates are paid RM3,000 less than those with a degree and just RM500 more than for school leavers, who tend to take up most of the low-skilled manual jobs.
Despite publicity promoting vocational training as a gateway to good jobs, TVET qualification is still seen as inferior and better-suited for low-paying jobs.
KRI noted parents or students continue to shun vocational training, only to learn later that most employers value TVET skills today. Only 13 per cent of all upper secondary students are pursuing technical or vocational courses at the secondary level, and just 9 per cent at polytechnics.
“It has often been noted that students and their parents regard TVET as an inferior educational pathway, ‘dead end’ and for the academically challenged,” the report said.
“But, in fact, the SWTS found that both young job seekers and young workers consider TVET as the most useful qualification for getting a good job the salary differential could be an important reason.”
Demand for TVET graduates is proportionally high in the private sector among sole proprietors, private limited companies and particularly private contractors, the SWTS showed.
Even for low-skilled or manual jobs, public listed companies and the civil service indicated a preference for TVET graduates.
Yet only government agencies have offered TVET graduates the highest starting pay, at a median maximum of RM4,052 followed by private contractors at RM1,700.
The difference in salaries offered in other enterprises categorised in the report — private limited companies, family business, sole proprietorship, public listed and multinational companies — are more or less around the RM200 median average.
All this points to a disconnect and skewed labour market that is overcrowded with job seekers who mostly have skills that are low in demand, resulting in high graduate unemployment, KRI said.
“The shortage is not in terms of numbers but mismatch is evident employers rate soft skills and work experience above the academic and professional qualifications that are emphasised by Malaysian education and training institutions,” the report noted.
The SWTS, conducted at the end of 2017 and beginning of 2018, was intended to collect education and labour market information on youth, defined as ages between 15 to 29.
The survey was based on five structured, mainly pre-coded questionnaires targeting youth in upper secondary schools, in tertiary education, young job seekers, young workers and employers.
Employment Insurance System (EIS)
Applications must be filed within 60 days from the day a worker loses his job.
Workers who are retrenched in 2018 will be eligible to receive interim benefits in the form of cash allowances for a maximum of three months, funded by the government with a RM122mil allocation channeled through Socso.
For those retrenched in December onwards and have the minimum 11 months of EIS contributions, they are qualified for the full benefits, such as job-hunting, re-employment and reduced wage allowances.
EIS is a financial scheme aimed at helping those who have lost their jobs until they find new employment. The contributions are collected in a fund in order to provide financial assistance to retrenched employees.
Qualification for EIS include forced resignation, retrenchment, resignation due to an employer’s failure to comply with the terms of contract, resignation due to sexual harassment at the workplace, and the closure of a company or factory.
AKTA
Strictly executed corporal punishment on employers who hired illegal immigrants.
The Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966
Can't hire a person under the age of 16 years.
Section 93 of the Employees Social Security Act 1969 (Act 4)
Employer must register their companies and workers with Socso. The overall objective of Socso is to cover all the people in this country. Grass cutters, part-time workers too must be protected, not only full-time (workers).
The Employment (Limitation of Overtime Work) Regulations 1980
Workers should be given a rest day each week and are entitled no more than 104 hours of overtime per month.
PANDANGAN AZA
QURAN 3:21
"Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang kufur ingkar akan ayat-ayat keterangan Allah dan membunuh Nabi-nabi dengan jalan yang tidak benar, serta membunuh orang-orang yang menyeru manusia supaya berlaku adil maka sampaikanlah berita yang mengembirakan mereka, dengan azab seksa yang tidak terperi sakitnya"
"Those who disbelieve in the signs of Allah and kill the prophets without right and kill those who order justice from among the people - give them tidings of a painful punishment"
KEFAHAMAN AZA
"Berbahagialah akhirnya siapa yang mengikut apa yang Allah suruh dan menjauhi apa yang Allah larang"
LABEL
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